Frequently Asked Questions: General
These questions address the basics of personal injury cases—what your rights are, what to expect, and how the process works—so you can make informed decisions during a stressful time.
Do I even have a personal injury case?
You might. It is good to know that your email exchange with David and/or any telephone conversations you have are free and you are not billed for initial consultations. In fact and as will be discussed below, most all personal injury cases we take and develop will be on a basis where you will pay your attorney out of what is recovered on your behalf, so you are not billed unless we recover. So, if these questions and answers below still leave you with a need for more information, contact us and let’s get the consultations started.
What counts as a personal injury?
It is probably easiest for us to limit this discussion to be those cases that arise from physical contact with the victim. Personal injury cases are those where you suffer physical injury, and more often than not an emotional and/or financial injury as well. This is by no means a complete list, but is a list of the common events giving rise to a personal injury lawsuit that this firm has handled many times:
- vehicle accidents (car, truck, motorcycles, bicycles, etc...)
- falls or injuries on property of a business or private property/landowner
- product failures or accidents using a product as intended
- assaults by both humans and animals
- injuries on the job or while working for another
The important thing to remember is that the name we give the type of lawsuit is generally irrelevant to your rights. Let the lawyers determine if you have a matter that can be handled by the firm, and regardless how it is categorized, we will fight to redress those wrongs.
What if the accident was partly my fault?
You may still have a case. Texas law allows recovery even if you share some responsibility, as long as you weren’t more than 50% at fault. Don’t assume blame disqualifies you. We have handled cases for people who felt they were at fault, only to find upon investigation that they either had no fault or very little. The important thing is to visit with an attorney who can ask the right questions and perhaps through investigation give you a better idea of what your potential case looks like – even if you share some fault responsibility.
How much does it cost to hire your firm?
Nothing upfront. The Law Office of David M. Kennedy works on a contingency fee basis for most personal injury lawsuits, which means we only get paid if you approve a settlement or we win your case and recover compensation for you. After one or more consultations, we will submit to you a retainer agreement that explains in detail our legal relationship with you, including what the costs will be. On a contingency fee case, the firm fronts all expenses for all aspects of the lawsuit, and those expenses are repaid to the firm along with a percentage-based fee from the settlement or judgment. Clients appreciate the firm having skin in the lawsuit – a reflection that we believe in the case.
What if I can’t afford medical treatment right now?
This is very common as health insurance costs have forced so many to go without. We can often help connect you with medical providers who understand injury cases and can delay payment until your claim is resolved. We have made these arrangements on many occasions for our clients. Getting an injured person medically evaluated is a must if at all possible. So, do not delay seeing a professional for help, and contact us quickly.
Do I need a lawyer if the insurance company already called me?
Yes—especially then. Insurance companies are trained to protect their bottom line. Having an attorney helps ensure you don’t say or sign something that could hurt your claim. And no matter what they may tell you, the insurance adjuster representing the other party to the accident is not working for you in any respect. Additionally, they will not pay your bills as they are incurred, but will try and pay you one time for as little as possible. With that said, if you have coverage on your own vehicle for property damage, talking to your own agent and requesting help is a good step, but don’t discuss injuries with them. You will want to claim property damage on your own policy, even if the other side is at fault. It can be a little confusing, so that is why it is important to contact us as soon as possible to ask for help.
What if I didn’t go to the ER right after the accident?
You’re not alone—and it doesn’t automatically hurt your case. Many injuries show up days and even weeks later. What matters is documenting symptoms and getting care once you realize something isn’t right. Further, even if you did go to the E.R., their job was only to stabilize you and was not to advise you on further care or for problems that may show up after you have left their care. Let an attorney walk you through this
How long do I have to file a personal injury claim?
In Texas, most personal injury claims must be filed within two years of the injury. Oklahoma, Colorado and other states have their own timelines. Waiting too long can mean losing your rights entirely. One of the first questions we will ask is to determine when the accident or personal injury occurred.
What makes your firm different from others?
We focus on clear communication, personal attention, and strong advocacy. Clients work directly with David Kennedy, and his caseload is kept to a minimum so that he can ensure it is handled appropriately. Many firms – especially those handling personal injury claims - employ a lot of young lawyers that have a high number of cases they work, and that can be a detriment to your case being developed and tried appropriately. However, David does not hesitate to put you in touch with attorneys in other firms that he trusts if his workload will not permit him to take your case, but he will always believe it is in your best interest.
What does “board certified in personal injury law” mean?
Board certification is a rare distinction. It means an attorney has proven advanced experience, knowledge, and results in personal injury law—and has been vetted by an independent legal board and passed the exam. Additionally, one of the requirements for certification is proof of in-court trials and continued work each year with personal injury being the majority of the caseload. David has over forty years of such experience.
Is David M. Kennedy board certified?
Yes. David M. Kennedy is board certified in personal injury law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, a credential held by only a small percentage of attorneys. It reflects expertise, credibility, and proven results.
What types of compensation could I recover?
This really depends on the case and the individual’s injuries. Common possibilities are:
- past / future medical, therapeutic, pharmaceutical, healthcare expenses
- past / future pain and suffering
- past / future physical impairment
- past / future disfigurement
- past lost wages and future loss of wage-earning capacity
- past loss of income from loss of use of your vehicle if used in your work
This is probably one of the most case-specific areas there is in personal injury cases. Every person is different – meaning their lives, incomes, unique needs, lifestyles, health – are all brought into the courtroom with them. All bear some relationship to the damage model that is presented to the jury. An example is an attorney who will suffers a permanent leg injury may still be able to work at his/her desk or stand before a jury and not suffer a loss of wages or earning capacity. However, the same would not hold true for someone who is a professional athlete or someone who must have dexterity in the lower extremity. This firm will assess your particular injuries as opposed to a generic model some will use.
How long does a personal injury case take?
Every case is different. Some – very few – resolve in months, but that is usually by settlement in obvious fault or low damage cases; most take longer and often 2-3 years. We focus on doing it right, not rushing into a settlement that undervalues your injuries. Further, location plays a significant role as different courts have different schedules, with courts in cities usually taking longer as more people means more accidents and more lawsuits. In smaller towns, we often are behind criminal dockets. The point being that it is often up to the local judge to tell us our options on getting to the courtroom. Another aspect that often slows down the progress of resolution is the number of parties involved and thus the number of attorneys with their schedules. Every case is different, and there is nothing wrong with telling us up front that you want a quick settlement if possible.
Will my case go to court?
Most cases settle without trial, but we prepare every case as if it will go to court. That preparation usually leads to stronger settlements, and we always prepare them for trial because each case we take is worth trying to a judge or jury. We are not in the business to settle a large number of cases, as are so many high-volume accident firms. We take cases that we believe will end up in a trial and we must be ready when called to trial.
What if the person who hurt me doesn’t have insurance?
You may still have options, such as uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage or other legal avenues. We’ll explore every path available. However, that is often a determinative factor as most of these personal injury cases are taken on a contingency basis. As such, the firm will put not only a lot of time into the case, but often many thousands of dollars, all being risked on our evaluation that recovery will be successful. If there is no insurance, it may very well be that we explain to the client that we cannot afford to take the case unless the client wants to pay us by the hour and all expenses as the case proceeds.
Can you help if my injury happened at work?
Yes. Workplace injuries can involve workers’ compensation, third-party claims, or both. We help identify all possible sources of recovery. However, although David Kennedy tried worker’s compensation cases in the 1980s, the law became administrative in 1987 and he no longer takes those cases. He will refer you to attorneys in the DFW area who do. Notwithstanding, we do handle on-the-job injuries that may still be brought if the employer failed to carry worker’s compensation coverage and was negligent in causing the injury. Further, we have handled product liability injuries and cases against third parties involved in the accident. Wrongful Death claims against employers have led to positive settlements on many occasions for the firm.
What if I’m dealing with emotional or mental distress too?
That matters. Injuries affect more than your body. We consider emotional trauma, anxiety, and disruption to your life as part of your claim. Another hidden damage that we may be able to expose and obtain recovery for is a traumatic brain injury. This is often overlooked and we work with experts who can quantify those damages for our clients.
Do you handle cases only in Texas?
Our primary focus is Texas, but David is also licensed in Oklahoma, and in fact tried his first jury trial in Oklahoma in 1982, obtaining a jury verdict for a retired school teacher who had been defrauded. Because we are well known, however, David has handled cases in many states at the requests of other attorneys needing assistance. Additionally, if we are retained for an event that occurred in another state in which David is not licensed, he can still appear per that jurisdiction's rules with the assistance of a local attorney.
What should I bring to my consultation?
Most initial consultations will be by email and/or phone. David uses Zoom a lot as well. Once we learn what the case may be about and your particular situation, we can decide what you will need to bring when we have an in-person meeting. It is often that our clients are able to provide to us so much by email and that is helpful, and often they have very little to give us because the accident just happened within the week or that day. We can advise you on what and how we need your help as we try to help you.
What’s the first step if I think I might have a case?
Call or email us. A free consultation can help you understand your rights, your options, and whether moving forward makes sense—without pressure or obligation. David likes to open up a file on his computer where he can have a record of contact, document exchanges, and ensure progress is made to get you the answers you need. As such, feel free to email David at [email protected], as your initial contact. This goes directly to David and remains confidential, the same as if you had already retained him as an attorney.
Frequently Asked Questions: Civil Litigation
This section explains how injury lawsuits work when insurance disputes arise, including timelines, evidence, and what happens if a case goes to court—without overwhelming you with legal terminology.
What is meant by Civil Litigation?
When asked what type of law he practices, David’s initial response is generally civil litigation or civil trial work. Most legal matters fall under one of two categories: civil or criminal. From there you have subparts and specialties that are too numerous to take the space to discuss here. So as David often says, when routine matters of everyday life start to unravel and it looks like they are headed to a courthouse, that is when he gets involved.
To show you how broad is this area of the firm’s practice, here is a partial list of the types of cases that could end up in a civil trial:
- assault and battery
- breach of contracts and agreements
- civil theft of property and money
- conversion of property and money
- defamation, libel and slander
- deceptive trade practices
- false imprisonment
- fiduciary duty breach
- fraud
- insurance disputes
- invasion of privacy
- legal malpractice
- medical malpractice
- negligence
- nuisance activity
- nursing home / assisted living abuse
- personal injury
- premises liability
- product liability
- trade-secret misappropriation
- trespass to real property
- wills and estate disputes
- wrongful death
You can see how most everything could end up in court and result in a civil trial. You could even take murder case and file a civil suit as well, as was done in the O.J. Simpson cases. You generally do not see this because most people who commit assaults, intentional attacks, murders are not financially sound so that a lawsuit gets you a paper judgment only with no possibility of ever collecting. Further, intentional actions are universally excluded from insurance coverage, leaving the victim with only the possibility of collecting judgment through the defendant’s personal assets. But, it is something we certainly consider when evaluating a potential case.
What is important is to contact the firm with whatever you think deserves consultation with an attorney to assess what needs to be done. In the meantime, visit our Litigation History page to see the wide variety of cases David has handled to favorable results.
Do you take defense cases?
Yes. Although we do not represent insurance companies so that most of our cases are in the representation of plaintiffs (those claiming injuries), we definitely represent defendants as well if the need arises. Most of the work we have done on the defense side of the case is in those instances where the dispute arises in business matters, realty disputes, will and estate contests, fraud, fiduciary duty relationships, and so on.
What types of civil cases do you not take?
The two main ones are bankruptcy and family law. Sometimes matters are tangentially related to those areas and we will take to trial those limited issues or the aftermath that has now turned into a breach of settlement agreement or property transfer, but we refer the typical family law and bankruptcy matters to attorneys we trust to do good work for those inquiring.
Another area that we get our fair share of calls on is worker’s compensation. Since the law was changed in 1987 to an administrative process that pretty much takes attorney’s out of the system, we no longer take those cases. We have, however, handled the plaintiff and defendant side of cases where an employee is injured and the employer does not carry worker’s compensation.
What type of fee arrangements do you take for civil litigation?
If we represent the plaintiff who is seeking the damages, we try and take the case on a contingency basis if it works best for the client and the firm. Most of our clients would rather we handle the cases on that basis as they avoid having to pay for time and expense as the case is developed and then tried. Additionally, most like to know that the firm has skin in the suit and will not be paid unless a favorable settlement or verdict is reached and collected. This arrangement is typical in personal injury, wrongful death, nursing home litigation, etc.
On the other hand, business disputes tend to lend themselves to an hourly fee arrangement. If we are defending, it will almost always be by the hour since there is no recovered funds from which a percentage can be applied. On the defense, we are usually trying to defeat or limit the damages to be recovered by the plaintiff. We have, however, taken defense cases where our fee was tied to an interest in assets saved in defense.
Whatever the fee arrangement, you will be able to discuss the proposal and ensure that you know to what you are agreeing and that it best meets your needs.
Are lawyers certified in civil litigation?
Yes. David is certified as a Civil Trial Specialist with the National Board of Trial Advocacy where he has served on the Board of Examiners and the Legal Writing Review Committee. In fact, David has written exam questions as part of the testing process for those seeking to be certified by the organization. David is also a Civil Pretrial Specialist with the National Board of Civil Practice Advocacy.
Frequently Asked Questions: Wrongful Death
These FAQs provide guidance for families who have lost a loved one due to negligence, explaining legal options, timelines, and how accountability and financial recovery can support healing and stability.
What is a Wrongful Death case?
The simplest explanation is that the person injured that would normally have a personal injury case had they lived, did not survive, and the injuries caused his/her death. Certain heirs can then sue based on that event. The wrongful death claim still relies on proof of liability by the actor causing injuries to the deceased, although the injury may be the death itself as opposed to a lingering identifiable personal injury from which death results.
In Texas, if there is an injury that does not result in immediate death, then there may be a Survivorship claim on behalf of the deceased’s estate. Think of it this way: between the time of injury and death, the injured person has a claim for the conscious pain and suffering they experienced before they died. This claim does not belong to the deceased’s heirs, but belongs to the deceased so that it now must be brought by the executor of the estate. If no estate is probated, then no survivorship claim can be made, in which case, the heirs are left with the claim that belongs to them – wrongful death.
So, in effect, the firm will always look to see if there was a time of consciousness post injury for which an estate claim exists in addition to a wrongful death claim. Sometimes a decision is made not to bring that claim, even though it could be brought. That is a discussion to be had between the attorney and the clients.
Back to the Wrongful Death claim. The potential claimants are the deceased’s spouse, children (including those adopted), and parents. Siblings, grandchildren, and stepchildren cannot maintain this action. Many family dynamics are involved, and these cases can be very detail intensive, so it is important to get an attorney involved to evaluate the possibilities immediately.
What if we did not have an autopsy?
This is one of the biggest decisions to make, and it often is not a pleasant one. Many family survivors do not want an autopsy performed, period, full stop. That is a legitimate decision and the firm will not fault the family for the decision. With that said, if there is any doubt on the need to prove a cause of death – think of death after surgery as opposed to a car accident – an autopsy may be the only way to secure the evidence needed. The firm will work with whatever we have to work with, but in some instance when given the opportunity, the firm has made arrangements and had an autopsy performed, fronting the expenses – only to determine there was no evidence to support the filing of a lawsuit. But those are the risks this law firm takes to represent our clients and ensure a lawsuit is legitimate and the truth is told.
What kind of damages are recovered in these lawsuits?
Think of the damages as based on a relationship between the surviving family member and the now-deceased. The possibilities are basically:
- past / future pecuniary loss, i.e. wages deceased would have contributed
- past / future mental anguish
- past / future loss of companionship and society, i.e. love, comfort
- loss of inheritance
Each plaintiff is considered separately. For instance, a young spouse may have a significant pecuniary loss from his/her spouse who was killed at the age of 30 and had many years of a working life expectancy. On the other hand, a parent who loses a minor child will probably have no measurable pecuniary loss because the minor had no work experience and wage history that could be measured. A child who was close to their now-deceased parent may have a great loss of companionship and mental anguish, while a child who did not like his parent and seldom spoke with them would not. David had a case where he represented five children for the wrongful death of a nursing home resident father, but refused to represent one child who so disliked his father that he had legally changed his last name. The point being that a lot of options are to be considered by the attorney in evaluating the claims of each potential plaintiff.
How is the right to recover determined?
The same as in a personal injury lawsuit. If the now-deceased family member who was wrongfully killed was contributorily responsible for his/her injuries, then the jury decides the percentage of responsibility. If the deceased was more than 50% at fault, the wrongful death claim will fail.
Are punitive damages recoverable in all lawsuits?
Punitive damages are not allowed in many lawsuits. With very few exceptions, they are recoverable in "tort" cases, those cases that arise from a civil wrong or personal injury. Matters that arise in contractual relationships will generally not permit them.
Depending on the underlying cause of the loss – such as if the death was caused by malpractice versus a car accident – then both the proof needed and the amounts recoverable will be affected by statutory guidelines.
In general, punitive a/k/a exemplary damages are awarded by the jury to punish. So, they are not like the foregoing damages that are to compensate the victims of wrongful death. Subject to specific statutory regulations providing otherwise, think of punitive damages being based on a finding of knowing, intentional, and/or an act with malice, or gross negligence. It is a heightened level of wrongdoing that must be shown. Where there are caps on the amount of punitive damages that can be awarded, those caps can be increased under circumstances such as murder and intoxicated manslaughter.
So there will be times when a judge will not permit a punitive damages claim to be submitted to jury since the evidence simply will not meet that heightened level of conduct. The simplest example is a person causing an accident and a resulting death by following to closely versus one who caused the accident when he passed out from being intoxicated. Every case is specific to the evidence.
Can lawyers be certified in Wrongful Death claims?
No. Wrongful death is derivative of a personal injury claim, so a person who is certified in personal injury law should be equipped to handle a wrongful death claim. However, experience in these suits and in personal injury trial law is important as a wrongful death claim has many additional considerations involved in both the evaluation and trial of the issues, so board certification in personal injury is important.
What fee arrangements are there on these cases?
The same as with a personal injury lawsuit. There may be more than one agreement with the firm if there are multiple plaintiffs, but the percentage recovery – including the reimbursement for expenses and costs of suit – will be applied per plaintiff so as to equal one percentage recovery. This will all be explained at the time the fee agreement is discussed and signed.
Can a Wrongful Death claim be brought if the defendant is being criminal charged?
Yes, but courts handle that in different ways. Unlike in criminal cases, a defendant in a civil case can be deposed and called to the witness stand and interrogated. However, he/she still can take the Fifth Amendment right not to incriminate themselves, which they will do if there are criminal charges pending. While plaintiff lawyers enjoy having a defendant “take the 5th” repeatedly concerning their conduct, most trial judges will abate the civil suit until after the criminal case is resolved so as to avoid prejudice for someone exercising their constitutional rights.
Another consideration is insurance coverage. As most of the cases the firm handles are very time consuming and expensive, a defendant having the ability to pay a judgment is key to our representation. If an act is intentional, there may be no insurance coverage. So, there have been times when we have advised clients not to press for charges as to do so would let the insurance company off the hook for payment of a judgment. The firm had such a case when we represented the parents of a young lady overdosed to death by her physician husband. The parents' refusal to give up on the criminal charges almost cost them a very good settlement, but the issue was mooted by a jury finding of not guilty to murder charges – an error by the district attorney failing to include lesser degrees of manslaughter. But, that kept the insurance company on the hook and they settled. Additionally, the results of the criminal case would be inadmissible in evidence in the civil suit, guilty or not guilty.
If I am left out of the Will, can I still bring a Wrongful Death claim?
Yes. The beneficiaries of the Will share in the survivorship claims that belong to the estate. That cause of action is considered an asset of the estate and the recovery will then be distributed per the terms of the Will. On the other hand, wrongful death claimants are determined by law and as set forth above. A person cannot Will away an heir’s right to bring suit for their wrongful death.